Realism and Naturalism

American Realism was a literary movement around the mid to late 1800's characterized by a focus on the realities of everyday life. As opposed to depicting fanciful, unrealistic protagonists with unbelievable strengths, abilities, and situations, Realist literature focused on the relatable common man. Famous realist authors included Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Upton Sinclair, and William Dean Howells.
Naturalism was a movement that took Realism a step further. It focused on the realistic, ubiquitous aspects of life, but also suggested that these aspects exist for a greater, universal reason. In other words, hierarchy, social structure, and natural instincts all exist because of predetermined meaningful purpose. Naturalist writers included John Steinbeck, Abraham Cahan, Edith Wharton, and Jack London.

--Wald der Unklug